Unanswered Questions on How to Write Counter Argument and Refutation in an Essay Samples That You Need to Know About

Unanswered Questions on How to Write Counter Argument and Refutation in an Essay Samples That You Need to Know About The Ultimate How to Write Counter Argument and Refutation in an Essay Samples Trick As an example, though some people today argue that college degree isn't an important life, research indicates that over 60% of individuals living below poverty levels have zero college degree. Think of how much money they waste shipping in all those textbooks and ensuring that they're updated and have all of the information that you must graduate. We cannot afford to enable the homes and schools and companies throughout America wait. A more severe issue is that the high price of a university education will signify that lots of families are reluctant to have more than 1 child, exacerbating the falling birthrates in some specific countries. Facts, Fiction and How to Write Counter Argument and Refutation in an Essay Samples Don't forget, you're writing an argument, which means that your aim is to convince your readers. After creating an outline, you will need to produce the drafts. Counterarguments don't have to be at the conclusion of your paper, though. A counterargument is something to be thought about against the thesis or a portion of the reason supporting the thesis. Write down your notes on the subject and particularly concerning the paper you must refute. The matter here is that it takes so many parts of paper to write just a single textbook. This can help you to investigate and write your thesis as though you were debating a true person rather than a part of paper! Here we'll present some pieces of advice about how to compose a refutation paper. It is almost always better to locate a paper which presents strong and clear arguments, in addition to a well-developed thesis. Presenting a counter argument provides you with a chance to react to criticism in your essay. You might want to tie this paper to your group presentation topic, but you aren't required to achieve that. For an argumentative essay to be productive, it's required to find the proper topic. These varieties of essays need thorough research as you'll want to defend your stand. You may continue to keep your argumentative essays for your upcoming job portfolio in case they're highly graded. How to Write Counter Argument and Refutation in an Essay Samples Fundamentals Explained Even if you're a specialist in a particular field, don't be afraid to use and cite external sources. It is very important that information we learn is repeated to totally become useful understanding. It's possible to employ your word check tool or other tools which are available online. For your debate to be a strong one you always need to double check to see whether there are enough data and information which can back up your viewpoint. You're going to be graded on the standard of your writing, the level of your ideas, and the standard of your research. For instance, an essay arguing that certain sections of the countryside ought to be protected from commercial development might argue against itself by citing the advantages of development. It's possible to find out more about a wide assortment of language functions and the way to use them in everyday English. This part includes background info about your argument. Refutation Essay Paper Effective advocacy requires not just the capacity to advance someone's own position, yet to refute opposing positions too. If you would like to prevent typical mistakes, find valuable recommendations in this informative article. Read the lesson and have a quiz to check your knowledge. Use particular reasons and examples to back up your answer. Therefore, whenever you file a claim, always offer supportive evidence. To conduct a comprehensive refutation you will want to conduct outside research to find evidence indicting the author's position. Conceding and refuting are also rather typical in all kinds of debates including political and societal difficulties. Deciding where to put the counterargument and refutation is dependent on the strength of your evidence. It enables the reader to prefer a single argument over another. Within this essay, I'll examine either side of this argument and attempt to reach a conclusion. There's no argument here. In the procedure for presenting counter arguments to your thesis, you might discover an argument that's both true and relevant. It follows that a sensible person may easily prefer either side with valid justifications for doing this. As a result of this, forming a counter argument to common beliefs is an excellent way to learn about important difficulties. Many people have a tendency to compose weak arguments since they don't know how to compose a compelling argument. Bear in mind that you're not developing another in depth argument when you compose a counterargument.

Kant s Doctrine Of Virtue - 1802 Words

Within the Metaphysics of Morals, Immanuel Kant drafted the Doctrine of Virtue as a means to further develop his ethical theory, which he first laid out in the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. In addition to discussing Kant’s doctrine of virtue, I will reconstruct Kant’s argument for beneficence as a duty of virtue. In the course of this reconstruction, I will explain what a duty of virtue is, from what it derives and the extent to which one must fulfill that duty. Likewise, I will explain the way one must fulfill their duty of virtue, how it relates to duties of right, and how it relates to the duty to pursue one’s perfection. Lastly, I will offer an evaluation of the argument. In the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, Kant derived his theory of the Categorical Imperative in which he defines moral law as an obligation that mandates the cooperation of everyone without exception. Which means, moral law requires people to execute its demands, despite what they may be. However, in order for one to do so, they must first be able to distinguish what those required duties are, as well as make a conscience decision to perform accordingly. Lastly once those things have been satisfied, one must physically carry the duties out. Although people have outside pressures and temptations that often sway their decision making, the doctrine of virtue states one must develop an understanding of what is required of them so that they may acknowledge such actions as their willShow MoreRelatedImmanuel Kant And Kant On Morality1097 Words   |  5 Pagesphilosophers take on morality, there are two which are usually compared to one another, Immanuel Kant and David Hume. Immanuel Kant had many theories throughout his philosophical time. Here are some of his ethical works, Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals (1785), the Critique of Practical Reason (1788), and the Metaphysics of Morals (1797), which contains both â€Å"the Doctrine of Right† and â€Å"the Doctrine of Virtue.† He also had some other works of importance to his moral philosophy including the CritiqueRead MoreTo Begin, Aristotle And Kant’S Distinction Regarding The1958 Words   |  8 Pagesalso occurs with pleasure, and that the pleasure is a sign that the virtuous disposition has been acquired† (NE, Pg.5). On the other hand, Kant believes â€Å"that every action or pursuit must be done out of duty, which reflects one’s respect for the moral law† (Lecture 13, Slide 13). The end result of this action is not significant for Kant. This inference leads Kant to develop the concept of a categorical imperative, â€Å"which concerns the action represented as good in its self and as necessary in a perfectlyRead MoreAristotle s Theory Of Virtue Ethics1095 Words   |  5 Pagesby two basic theories; deontology, inspired by Immanuel Kant, the eighteenth century philosopher and; utilitarianism or consequentialism, which derives its m odern day instructions from eighteenth and nineteenth century philosophers Jeremey Bentham and J. S. Mills, respectively (Hursthouse:1999). Increasing dissatisfaction with these theories and their variants has led in recent years to the emergence of a different theory, the theory of virtue ethics (Statman: 1997). It can be argued that, of the ethicalRead MoreEthics Theory And Virtue Ethical Theory1398 Words   |  6 PagesI would begin by saying my discussions will be centered on two intriguing theories I have learnt through this course deontology ethical theory and Virtue ethical theory. To my understanding, deontology theory takes on the face of a normative ethical position that judges the morality of an action based totally on regulations, rules and laws. The theory is far on occasion described as responsibility- or duty- or rule- based totally ethics, due to the fact that it emphasizes on guidelines bindingRead MoreEssay on week2assignment1564 Words   |  7 Pagesright to vot e? (Points : 1) The happiness of 50% of the population being allowed to vote outweighs the pain that might come out of the other 50%. Humans are autonomous beings that inherently have the same capacities. The virtue of a woman is to nurture her family. Families will be better off if women are able to participate in politics. None of the above Question 3. 3. Which statement is an objection to ethical egoism? (Points : 1) It can’tRead MoreKant And Mill On Animal Ethics Essay1365 Words   |  6 PagesIn this essay I will begin by explaining the overall views of Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill, then compare and contrast the ideas and philosophies of Kant and Mill on Animal Ethics. I believe that Kant, the deontologist, will not care as much about the duty/responsibility between humans and animals as Mill, the utilitarian, who will see the extreme importance of animal ethics. After studying and explaining the views and teachings of these two philosophers I will see if my thesis was correct,Read MoreJohn Stuart Mill s Doctrine And Utilitarianism1802 Words   |  8 PagesThe approach that I strongly agree is the John Stuart Mill’s doctrine and Utilitarianism. Utilitarianism is a moral approach that believes `` the supreme principle of morality is to produce as much happiness as possible`` (118). And ``There is in reality nothing desired except happiness`` (118). Utilitarianism eva luates the action according on the amount of happiness. The good action is the one that its result is the most desirable happiness. I choose this approach because I think, if every personRead MoreDeontological and Teleological Ethical Theory1660 Words   |  7 Pagesthe act Deontological Ethics = Non - Consequentialist Ethics Morality of an act is based in the act itself. Types of Teleological Ethics 1. Utilitarianism – Utilitarian moral theory is classical utilitarianism, 2. Varieties of ancient Greek virtue ethics – Aristotle Ethics is an Example a. The goal of ethics is to explain how one achieves the good life for human beings. There are only two basic kinds of prescriptive moral theories: teleological theories, deontological theories TELEOLOGICALRead MoreDuty Ethics Vs. Utilitarianism1441 Words   |  6 Pages Duty Ethics vs. Utilitarianism The two ethical theories I will discuss are from the works of Jeremy Bentham (utilitarianism), and Immanuel Kant (duty-ethics). These philosophers outlined two different theories of moralphilosophy. Bentham utilitarian theory focus on the moral rightness. His belief is that everyoneshould perform that act which will bring about the greatest amount of good over bad for everyone affected in any given situation. Kant’s theory and my personal preference ofRead More Ethics and Moral Reasoning Essay2112 Words   |  9 PagesAristotles Virtue Ethics Aristotle in his virtue ethics states that a virtuous individual is someone with ideal traits. These characteristic traits normally come from an individual’s innate tendency but should be cultivated. After they are cultivated, these character traits supposedly become stable in an individual. Moral consequentilaists and deontologists are normally concerned with universal doctrines that can be utilized in any situation that requires moral interpretation. Unlike these theorists

How Relevant Is Freud Today - 1559 Words

Sigmund Freud was arguably one of the most influential psychologists in the investigation of personality, and his work can still, to some extent, be considered relevant today. His methods allowed for the first time the investigation of phenomena that were previously difficult to tackle, such as dreams and sexual desires. â€Å"Yes and No† is a justified reply to the question of whether Freud is relevant today in that his ideas on personality were the first to investigate the role of childhood trauma, and have been reflected in the work of many other psychologists since, either as a continuation of his work or as a reaction to it. In this essay, the relevance of Freuds Personality Theory will be assessed, with reference to conflicting†¦show more content†¦This discredits the idea that childhood experiences shape personality, questioning the relevance of Freuds theory. Further evidence of a biological basis to personality rather than the explanations offered by psychoan alytic theories come from the neuroscience of personality. For example, the amygdala, located within the limbic system, appears to be vital for processing all emotional stimuli (Pervin et al, 2005). In addition to this, neurotransmitter functioning provides more evidence for the idea of biological influences on the development of personality traits. The drugs involved in alleviating depression, Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors, (SSRIs), were administered to normal individuals and have been found to â€Å"reduce negative affective experience and to increase social, affiliative behaviour,† (Knutson et al, 1998, cited by Pervin et al, 2005). Support for biological theories also comes from the case study of Phineas Gage. Before an accident in 1848 which involved his tamping iron being blown completely through his skull, destroying his left frontal lobe, Gages personality was that of a serious, industrious, energetic and responsible man (Pervin et al, 2005). After the acc ident, however â€Å"in this regard his mindShow MoreRelatedMoore 1. Kristen Moore. Mrs. Kristy French. English Iii1443 Words   |  6 Pagescommon colloquial terms go back to a 19th-20th century psychologist named Sigmund Freud. Freud published a myriad of theories regarding the human mind and its inner workings, which have since fallen from practice. A great majority of his theories have been disproven and rendered useless, though his name is one that is immediately recognized upon mention and he is one of the first figures that psychology majors study. If Freud has fallen from practice, however, why are his theories still studied at allRead MoreReligion s Effect On Religion Essay1333 Words   |  6 Pagescomplex topic with many different outlets for discussion. Authors like Freud and Marx make compelling arguments against religion by focusing one religion s effect human nature and their ability to strive in civilized society. Although these authors are apposed to organized religion, their views are separate in how they appose religion. Rather than denying or accepting religion, Tillich and Bultmann focus on elements of faith and how they effect the general ideas of religious belief. By comparing theseRead MorePsychoanalytic Theory Of Sigmund Freud824 Words   |  4 Pages Week 3 Essay First or Foundation A Look into the Psychoanalytic Theory of Sigmund Freud David Haygood Talladega College Applied Psychology 202 7/7/2017 Abstract The psychoanalytic theory by Sigmund Freud has always been argued to be one of the most controversial theories in the school of psychology. Critics have questioned how relevant the perspective of Freud is due to the fact that it holds no scientific basis. Sigmund Freuds psychoanalytic theory of personality argues thatRead MoreSigmond Freud Was Born On May 6, 1856, In The Freiberg,1289 Words   |  6 Pages Sigmond Freud was born on May 6, 1856, in the Freiberg, Austria (A E Television networks, 2016). His parent’s names were Jakob and Amalie. Freud moved to Vienna at the age of four, where he would spend most of his life. In 1881, he received his medical degree, and became engaged to Martha Bernays (A E Television networks, 2016). His marriage would produce six kids; Anna, Ernst, Oliver, Mathilde, Jean Martin, and Sophie. After Freud’s graduation, he became a clinical assistant at the generalRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1283 Words   |  6 P agesSigmund Freud (1856-1939), is a pioneer in the field of psychology in various ways. His dedication to his field helped shape the minds of many nineteen-century contemporary schools of thought. Most notably, Freud’s work in psychoanalytic theory, according to Tan (2011) earned him the title of, â€Å"father of psychoanalysis† (p. 322). Moreover, Tan Taykeyesu (2011) report that Freud’s genius is not just in psychoanalysis, but also when we â€Å"think Oedipus complex, infantile sexuality, and repression†Read MoreAnthony Storrs A Very Short Introduction Essay978 Words   |  4 Pagesother than Sigmund Freud. Born into the Jewish religion of which he had no interest in taking part of, Freud was an exceptional man who was very advanced, aware of his surroundings and stubborn. This man was a psychologist, doctor of medical and the Albert Einstein of psychoanalysis if I should say. Freud had a lot of theorys which everyone along with myself didnt quite agree with them all. Born on the 6th day of may in 1856, a man by the name of Sigmund Freud was not only smart;Read MoreSigmund Freud s Influence On Personality Theory862 Words   |  4 PagesThe ideas of Sigmund Freud have exerted an enormous impact on personality theory. However, theories and ideas subsequent to Freud have questioned the scientific basis of his ideas. Select one or two alternative theories of human personality and compare and contrast with that of Freud. Intro: Everybody has a unique personality that influences who we are, how we act, what careers we will pursue, as well as our success in close relationships. Our personality is inescapable and essentially shapes usRead MoreHistory and Theory Essay973 Words   |  4 Pagesviewpoints if Sigmund Freud and Carl Rogers have similarities and differences. Both have made significant contribution to the psychology field. The theories from Freud and Rogers are still used in modern psychology. Freud is best known for creating psychoanalysis and Rogers is renowned for developing the person-centered therapy. The subject of this paper pertains to Freud’s and Rogers’ views of their respective theories, how different their theories would be if they were alive today, and how social and culturalRead MorePsychology Is Alive And Well883 Words   |  4 Pagespsychology I know how arduous it can be and I believe that psychology deserves a lot more respect than it gets. The skewed view of psycholo gy that the public has begins with the media. Psychology is marketed in the form of self-help books, TV shows like Dr.Phil where â€Å"patients† problems are solved within a 45 minute reality TV show, and arbitrary books about ESP. These all make psychology seem like sensationalized intuition or an absurd theory. There is also â€Å"The Freud Problem†. The Freud problem as talkedRead MoreThe Theories Of Jung And Freud978 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough many psychologists dismiss the theories of Jung and Freud as unscientific, they are very well known and highly influential. Why do you think this is? Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud are two of the most well known psychologists due to both their contributions to psychology that are still relevant today and also the controversial nature of their work. Many psychologists believed that their work was not scientific and therefore not useful in psychology. For example, Freud’s theories are considered

Investigating a factor that affects the rate of re Essay Example For Students

Investigating a factor that affects the rate of re Essay actionAim To investigate the effect of concentration on the rate of reaction To investigate the reaction between hydrochloric acid and magnesiumPrediction 1) -I predict that the higher the concentration of hydrochloric acid the faster the time will be for the magnesium to dissolve. 2) -I predict that the higher the molar of hydrochloric acid, the more hydrogen gas will be given off. 3) -I predict that the higher the concentration of hydrochloric acid the faster the rate of reaction. This will therefore mean that the rate of reaction will be faster. 4) I predict that when I double the concentration, I would expect the rate of reaction to double with the concentration. ReasonsRates of Reaction measures different reaction rates and tells us things that affect the speed of a reaction. Seven factors that affect how fast a reaction takes place are: Temperature Catalyst Pressure PH Surface area Concentration LightWe can change speeds of reactions in three ways- Increasing the surface area Increasing concentration Raising the temperature Adding a catalyst There are three ways to measure the speed of a reaction and these are precipitation, change in mass and the volume of gas given off. The four things that are suitable for the magnesium reaction to affect how fast it takes place are Temperature Turbulence Concentration Surface areaConcentration is the best factor to for this magnesium and hydrochloric acid reaction because it is easy to undertake. In this experiment between hydrochloric acid and magnesium ribbon. The hydrochloric acid will dissolve the magnesium strip. This should produce hydrogen gas. The chemical equation for this reaction isMg (s) + 2HCL (aq) Mg Cl (aq) + H (g) This chemical reaction involves reactants which when mixed may cause a chemical reaction. This in turn may produce different products. What I am expecting to see in the beaker is the magnesium and hydrochloric acid reacting together to form fizzing in the solution and I think I will also see bubbles, which I may see slowly or fast depending on the amount ofconcentration. Magnesium will eventually break away and eventually dissolve. The concentration of the hydrochloric solution affects the rate of the reaction. If the concentration is too high, there will be more collisions between the enzymes, which will also increase the rate of reaction. On the other hand, if the concentration is to low then the collisions of enzymes with substrates will slow down or stop making the rate of reaction slower. This means that there will be less frequent collisions between the atoms. When there are more particles (reactants) present, the more likely a collision, and so the higher the reaction rate.Source (GCSE Bitesize chemistry, by David Smith) These factors will affect the rate of reaction. This is because of the collision theory. The collision theory shows us that it is necessary for the reacting particles to collide with each other particles. This is so there is enough energy to form or break bonds between the particles. If however, the particles do not have enough energy then the particles will bounce back not causing a collision. The minimum amount of energy needed for a co llision to take place between the particles is called the activation energy. Source (GCSE chemistry revision guide, by Ian Lee)The Maxwell Boltzmann curve is a graph that predicts the probability that the different particles will collide with each other at different temperatures. On the graph shown below the dark shaded area shows the particles that have enough energy to collide with each other. The very light shaded area is the particles that do not have enough energy to collide because they do not have enough energy. The line on the graph showing the activation energy is the minimum amount of energy that is needed for the particles to collide. This Maxwell Boltzmann curve can be related to the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid because the graph shows us how much energy is needed for the particles to make and break new bonds. The Maxwell Boltzmann curve is shown below The equation Ka shows the number of variables that are acting on the reaction between magnesium an d hydrochloric acid. K = rate constantA = the reactant M = the order of the reaction The rate constant is the amount of hydrochloric acid this is 25 ml. The reactant used is the concentration of the hydrochloric acid. The order of reaction is calculated by the number of variables that the reaction uses. In this, case the order of reaction is one. This is because the only variable in the reaction is concentration. Apparatus Hydrochloric acid (0.1 molar, 0.5 molar, 1 molar, 3 molar, 2 molar, 5 molar) Measuring cylinder to measure the amount of hydrogen gas given off Water used in the experiment Magnesium strips Used to react with the hydrochloric acid Stop watch to measure the time of how long the reaction takes place Water basin to put the water in Beaker to put the solution inDiagramFair Test-To make this a fair test I have to take a number of precautions. The first precaution I will take will be to keep the temperature of the hydrochloric acid the same. This will ensure t hat the rate of reaction is not increased by the temperature. I will also keep the volume of hydrochloric acid the same. This will make the test fair because then the volume of the acid will not affect the rate of reaction. I will also try to keep the surface area of the magnesium the same. This will make the test fair because it will then not speed up the rate of reaction in the experiment. Safety To ensure safety I will also check that the tube containing the hydrogen gas will contain no leaks. This is so it does not make the test unfair if the hydrogen gas leaks. Federalism From Its Beginning to the Present EssayThe general trend on the line graph (Fig 3) shows that as the concentration of the hydrochloric acid increased the rate of reaction also increased. This was because as the concentration increased the number of particles colliding with each other also increased. Concentration molar 5.0 was the fastest concentration because the rate at which the magnesium dissolved was quickest for the concentration. The concentration with molar 5.0 had the highest rate of reaction. This meant that the 0.1 concentration had the lowest rate of reaction. The reaction between hydrochloric acid magnesium is an exothermic reaction, which means that this reaction gives out heat. As this reaction gives off heat, this process will affect the rate of reaction. This should affect the rate of reaction graph (Fig 3) but I found out that my rate of reaction graph was unaffected. The conclusion I have made is based on the collision theory. The collision theory shows us that when there is enough energy in the particle the reactant can break or form bonds. In this case, the concentration increased the speed at which the particles collide. This means that as the concentration increased the speed of particles colliding increased because the particles had more energy. EvaluationTo improve this reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid I could have used more reliable equipment that measured more accurately. T his would have improved the accuracy of the results. We could have also used precise measuring equipment to measure the hydrochloric acid and the magnesium. This would have given us results that are more accurate. To improve the accuracy of the experiment we could have repeated the investigation more times than 3 times. This would have given us results that are more accurate. To further improve the investigation we could have used different rates of concentration. This would have given a wider range of results. To enhance the experiment further we should keep the room temperature constant. This would help the accuracy of the experiment because if the temperature were constant the rate of reaction would not be affected by the temperature. To improve our investigation in the future we could have used a more accurate stopwatch or used a better device of checking if the magnesium had fully dissolved. To improve our investigation in the future we could have used a logiests data logger. This would have helped us to achieve more accurate results in the investigation. In my investigation, there were a few abnormal results when compared to the overall average. For the 0.1 concentration the result was 3325.8, however the average time for 0.1 concentration was 3427.3. This means that the result is abnormal because the reading is not equal to the average time. For the 0.5 concentration the result was 510.4, however the average time for the 0.5 concentration was 532.3. This means that the result is abnormal because the findings are not equal to the average time. For the 1.0 concentration the result was 79.2, however the average time for 1.0 concentration was 70.69. This means that the result is abnormal because the reading is not equal to the average time. For the 3.0 concentration the result was 12.5, however the average time for 3.0 concentration was 11.81. This means that the result is abnormal because the findings are not equal to the average time. I think that the abnormal results were caused by either wrong measurements of hydrochloric acid or th e inability to view when the magnesium strip had dissolved. This would mean that the results would be higher or lower than the average time result. When we completed our experiment, we could have investigated further by experimenting with different concentrations of hydrochloric acid or different lengths of magnesium. This would have given us a wider range of results. Bibliography Text Books GCSE Chemistry Science Written by Alain Anderton, Second EditionGCSE Bitesize Science Chemistry revision guide, written by David SmithOCR Chemistry Text book Written by David LeePeople Shila Tailor this person helped me with this investigation. Mrs Kemp my Science, Biology teacher Mrs Zanab this teacher helped me with this investigationElectronicElectronic services also helped me with my report. This included the use of the internet. The websites used to get the information included: www.Sciencerevision.co.ukwww.Bitsize.com/Chemistry www.ChemistryInfo.co.ukwww.OCR-Chemistry.co.ukIn this inv estigation, I also used e-mail to help with my investigation.